Encryption

Encryption is the process of converting readable data into an unreadable format using mathematical algorithms, so that only authorized parties with the correct decryption key can access the original information. It protects data both 'at rest' (stored on drives) and 'in transit' (moving across networks).

For defense contractors, encryption is a fundamental requirement for protecting CUI. FIPS 140-2 validated encryption must be used — this means you can't use any encryption software; it must be cryptographic modules that have been tested and certified by NIST to meet federal standards.